1. hiki ke hoopuehu
ʻO ka hiki i kekahi hopena ke hoʻokō i ka mahele like ʻole o ka uhi ʻana ma kahi electrode (maʻamau he cathode) ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka puʻunaue mua o kēia manawa. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka plating capacity.
2. Hiki ke uhi hohonu:
ʻO ka hiki o ka hoʻonā plating e waiho i ka uhi metala ma nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā lua hohonu ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī.
3 Electroplating:
He kaʻina hana ia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi ʻano nalu o ke au pololei haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hele i loko o kahi mea hana ma ke ʻano he cathode i loko o kahi electrolyte i loaʻa kekahi ion metala A me ke kaʻina o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā electrons mai nā ion metala a waiho mau iā lākou i loko o ka metala ma ka cathode.
4 ʻAno nui o kēia manawa:
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka ikaika o kēia manawa e hele ana i kahi electrode wahi ʻāpana ma A/dm2.
5 Ka pono o kēia manawa:
ʻO ka lakio o ke kaumaha maoli o ka huahana i hana ʻia e ka pane ʻana ma luna o kahi electrode i kona like electrochemical i ka wā e hele ai i kahi ʻāpana uila e hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka.
6 Cathodes:
ʻO ka electrode e hoʻololi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā electrons, ʻo ia hoʻi ka electrode e hoʻemi ana i ka hopena.
7 Anodes:
He electrode hiki ke ʻae i nā electrons mai nā reactants, ʻo ia hoʻi, he electrode i loaʻa i nā hopena oxidation.
10 ka uhi ʻana o ka Cathodic:
He uhi metala me ka waiwai algebraic kiʻekiʻe o ka mana electrode ma mua o ka metala kumu.
11 Anodic uhi:
ʻO kahi uhi metala me ka waiwai algebraic o ka hiki electrode liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka metala kumu.
12 Ka nui o ka sedimentation:
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka metala i waiho ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi mea i loko o kahi manawa. Hōʻike maʻamau i nā micrometers i kēlā me kēia hola.
13 Ho'ā:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i ke ʻano pōpō o kahi ʻili metala e nalowale.
14 Ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa;
Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana kaiapuni, ua kaohi nui ʻia ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau o ka ʻili metala a loaʻa i loko o kahi ākea ākea o nā pono electrode.
ʻO ka hopena o ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka hopena o ka hoʻoheheʻe metala i kahi haʻahaʻa loa.
15 Hoʻopau i ka hydrogen:
ʻO ka brittleness i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka absorption o hydrogen atoms e nā metala a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui i ka wā o ka hana e like me ka etching, degreasing, a i ʻole electroplating.
16 PH waiwai:
ʻO ka logarithm maikaʻi ʻole maʻamau o ka hana hydrogen ion.
17 Matrix mea;
He mea hiki ke waiho i ka metala a i ʻole ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma luna.
18 Auxiliary anodes:
Ma waho aʻe o ka anode maʻamau e koi ʻia i ka electroplating, hoʻohana ʻia kahi anode kōkua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia manawa ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana plated.
19 Kokua cathode:
I mea e hoʻopau ai i nā burrs a i ʻole ke ahi e hiki mai ana ma kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o nā laina mana, ua hoʻohui ʻia kekahi ʻano cathode ma kahi kokoke i kēlā ʻāpana e hoʻopau i kekahi o kēia manawa. Kapa ʻia kēia cathode hou he cathode kōkua.
20 Polarization Cathodic:
ʻO ka hanana kahi e haʻalele ai ka cathode mai ka hiki ke kaulike a neʻe i ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ʻole ke hele ke au pololei ma kahi electrode.
21 Māhele mua o kēia manawa:
ʻO ka māhele ʻana o kēia manawa ma ka ʻili electrode me ka ʻole o ka polarization electrode.
22 Ka hoʻololi kino;
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i ka mea hana i loko o kahi hopena i loaʻa i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe e hana i kahi papa passivation lahilahi ma luna o ka ʻili, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he kiʻi pale.
23 Ka hoʻohāhā kemika:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide ma ka ʻili o kahi metala ma o ka hana kemika.
24 Electrochemical oxidation (anodizing):
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale, hoʻonaninani, a i ʻole nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻē aʻe ma luna o ka ʻili o kahi mea metala ma o ka electrolysis i kekahi electrolyte, me ka mea metala e like me ka anode.
25 Ka hopena electroplating:
ʻO ke au kiʻekiʻe koke e hele ana ma ke kaʻina hana o kēia manawa.
26 Hoʻololi kiʻiʻoniʻoni;
ʻO ka ʻili pale maka maka o ka pūhui i loaʻa ka metala i hana ʻia e ke kemika a i ʻole ka mālama electrochemical o ka metala.
27 Huli uliuli ke kila:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kila i ka ea a i ʻole ka hoʻoinu ʻana iā lākou i loko o kahi hopena oxidizing e hana ai i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ma luna o ka ʻili, maʻamau ka uliuli (ʻeleʻele) i ke kala.
28 Phosphating:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻi pale phosphate insoluble ma ka ʻili o nā mea kila.
29 Electrochemical polarization:
Ma lalo o ka hana o kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hopena electrochemical ma ka electrode ma mua o ka wikiwiki o nā electrons i hoʻolako ʻia e ke kumu mana o waho, e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka hiki ke hoʻololi a me ka polarization.
30 Polarization hoʻopaʻa ʻana:
ʻO ka polarization i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa o ka neʻe ʻana ma waena o ka papa wai kokoke i ka ʻili electrode a me ka hohonu o ka hoʻonā.
31 Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻaila ʻaila mai ka ʻili o kahi mea hana ma o ka saponification a me ka emulsification i ka hopena alkaline.
32 Electrolytic degreasing:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻaila ʻaila mai ka ʻili o kahi mea hana i loko o kahi hopena alkaline, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hana ma ke ʻano he anode a i ʻole cathode, ma lalo o ka hana o kahi au uila.
33 Hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka metala i loko o kahi hopena no kahi manawa pōkole e hana i kahi ʻili ʻālohilohi.
34 Ka poni mīkini:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana mechanical no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻōlinolino o nā ʻāpana metala ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi huila polishing kiʻekiʻe i uhi ʻia me ka paʻi polishing.
35 ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka solvent organik:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik e wehe i nā ʻaila ʻaila mai ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana.
36 Wehe ʻia ke hydrogen:
ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala ma kahi mahana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻopau i ke kaʻina hana o ka hydrogen absorption i loko o ka metala i ka wā hana electroplating.
37 Ka wehe ʻana:
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka wehe ʻana i ka uhi mai ka ʻili o ka mea.
38 Nawaliwali ke kalai ana:
Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka wehe ʻana i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻokiʻoki loa ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana metala i loko o kahi hopena haku mele a hoʻōla i ka ʻili.
39 ʻAi ikaika:
E hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana metala i loko o kahi ʻano kiʻekiʻe a me kekahi hopena etching wela e hoʻoneʻe i ka oxide mai nā ʻāpana metala
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻino.
40 ʻeke anode:
He ʻeke i hana ʻia me ka pulupulu a i ʻole ka lole synthetic i kau ʻia ma luna o ka anode e pale ai i ka ʻōpala anode mai ke komo ʻana i ka hopena.
41 Mea hoʻomālamalama:
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā uhi mālamalama i nā electrolytes.
42 Surfactants:
He mea hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ka ʻāʻī o ke alo inā i hoʻohui ʻia i nā huina haʻahaʻa loa.
43 Emulsifier;
He mea hiki ke hoʻemi i ka haʻalulu ma waena o nā wai immiscible a hana i kahi emulsion.
44 ʻO ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa chelating:
He mea hiki ke hana i ka paʻakikī me nā ion metala a i ʻole nā pūhui i loaʻa i nā ion metala.
45 ʻĀpana hoʻokaʻawale:
ʻO kahi papa o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi ʻāpana o ka electrode a i ʻole mea hoʻopili e hana i ka ʻili o ia ʻāpana i mea ʻole.
46 Mea pulu wai:
He mea hiki ke hoʻemi i ka ʻāʻī ma waena o ka mea hana a me ka hoʻonā, e hoʻomāmā maʻalahi i ka ʻili o ka mea hana.
47 Nā mea hoʻohui:
ʻO kahi mea hoʻohui liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi hopena e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana electrochemical a i ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.
48 Hoʻopaʻa:
He mea hiki ke mālama i ka waiwai pH mau o ka hoʻonā i loko o kekahi pae.
49 E neʻe ana i ka cathode:
He cathode e hoʻohana ana i kahi mea hana mīkini e hoʻoneʻe i ka neʻe ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa ma waena o ka ʻāpana i uhi ʻia a me ka pae kia.
50 Kiʻiʻoniʻoni wai hoʻopau:
Hoʻohana maʻamau no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ʻili, kahi e hoʻopau ai ke kiʻi wai ma ka ʻili.
51 Porosity:
Ka helu o nā pinhole ma kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.
52 Pinho:
ʻO nā pores liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻili o ka uhi a hiki i ka uhi lalo a i ʻole ke metala substrate ke kumu o nā pilikia i ke kaʻina electrodeposition ma kekahi mau wahi ma ka ʻili cathode, e pale ai i ka waiho ʻana o ka uhi ma ia wahi, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ka mānoanoa o ka uhi a puni. .
53 Hoʻololi kala:
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka ʻili o ka metala a i ʻole ka uhi ʻia e ka ʻino (e like me ka pōʻeleʻele, ka wehe ʻana, etc.).
54 Ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa:
ʻO ka ikaika o ka pilina ma waena o ka uhi a me ka mea substrate. Hiki ke ana ʻia e ka ikaika e hoʻokaʻawale i ka uhi mai ka substrate.
55 ʻIli:
ʻO ke ʻano o ka wehe ʻana o ka uhi ʻana mai ka mea substrate ma kahi ʻano pepa.
56 ʻO ka puna e like me ka uhi ʻana:
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā waihona ʻoluʻolu a porous i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana electroplating ʻaʻole i paʻa paʻa i ka mea substrate.
57 Ka uhi ahi:
ʻO ka lepo ʻeleʻele, ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻoluʻolu a maikaʻi ʻole paha ka sediment i hana ʻia ma lalo o ke au kiʻekiʻe, i loaʻa pinepine
Oxide a i ʻole nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe.
58 kiko:
ʻO nā lua liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā lua i hana ʻia ma luna o nā ʻili metala i ka wā o ka electroplating a me ka corrosion.
59 ʻO nā ʻano hoʻopaʻa paʻa paʻa:
ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻili o ka uhi e ka solder hehee.
60 Paʻa chrome paʻakikī:
E pili ana i ka uhi ʻana i nā papa chromium mānoanoa ma luna o nā mea substrate like ʻole. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kona paʻakikī ma mua o ka papa chromium decorative, a ināʻaʻole i'ālohilohi ka uhiʻana, uaʻoi aku ka palupalu ma mua o ka uhi chromium decorative. Kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka paʻa chromium paʻakikī no ka mea hiki i kona uhi mānoanoa ke hana i kona ʻano paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a hoʻohana i nā ʻano kūʻē.
T: Ka ʻike kumu a me nā huaʻōlelo i ka Electroplating
D: ʻO ka hiki i kekahi hopena ke hoʻokō i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o ka uhi ʻana ma kahi electrode (maʻamau he cathode) ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka puʻunaue mua o kēia manawa. ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka plating capacity
K: Electroplating
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-20-2024
