ʻOkika uila

Ma ke ʻano ākea, pili ka oxidation electrochemical i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka electrochemistry, kahi e pili ana i nā hopena electrochemical pololei a ʻaʻole pololei paha e hana nei ma ka electrode e pili ana i nā kumumanaʻo o nā hopena oxidation-reduction. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia mau hopena e hōʻemi a wehe paha i nā mea haumia mai ka wai hoʻohaumia.

Ma ke ʻano he wehewehe pōkole, ʻo ka oxidation electrochemical e pili pono ana i ke kaʻina hana anodic. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hopena organik a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i loko o kahi cell electrolytic, a ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke au pololei, ua unuhi ʻia nā electrons ma ka anode, e alakaʻi ana i ka oxidation o nā hui organik. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki ke oxidized nā metala valence haʻahaʻa i nā ion metala valence kiʻekiʻe ma ka anode, a laila komo i ka oxidation o nā hui organik. ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻike kekahi mau hui hana i loko o nā hui organik i ka hana electrochemical. Ma lalo o ka mana o kahi kahua uila, loli ke ʻano o kēia mau hui hana, e hoʻololi ana i nā waiwai kemika o nā hui organik, e hōʻemi ana i ko lākou ʻawahia, a hoʻonui i ko lākou biodegradability.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka oxidation electrochemical i ʻelua ʻano: oxidation pololei a me ka oxidation ʻaʻole pololei. ʻO ka oxidation pololei (electrolysis pololei) e pili ana i ka wehe pololei ʻana o nā mea haumia mai ka wai hoʻoneoneo ma ka oxidizing iā lākou ma ka electrode. Hoʻokomo pū kēia kaʻina hana i nā kaʻina hana anodic a me cathodic. Pili ka hana anodic i ka oxidation o nā mea haumia ma ka ʻili anode, e hoʻololi ana iā lākou i nā mea ʻawahia ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea i ʻoi aku ka biodegradable, no laila e hōʻemi ana a hoʻopau paha i nā mea haumia. Pili ka hana cathodic i ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā mea haumia ma ka ʻili cathode a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hōʻemi a me ka wehe ʻana i nā hydrocarbons halogenated a me ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā metala kaumaha.

Hiki ke kapa ʻia ke kaʻina hana cathodic ʻo ka hoʻemi electrochemical. Pili ia i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā electrons e hōʻemi i nā ion metala kaumaha e like me Cr6+ a me Hg2+ i loko o ko lākou mau kūlana oxidation haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i nā hui organik chlorinated, e hoʻololi ana iā lākou i nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole a ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa paha, e hoʻonui ana i ko lākou biodegradability:

R-Cl + H+ + e → RH + Cl-

ʻO ka oxidation pololei ʻole (electrolysis pololei ʻole) e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea oxidizing a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻemi i hana ʻia e ka electrochemically ma ke ʻano he reactants a i ʻole catalysts e hoʻololi i nā mea haumia i nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ka electrolysis pololei ʻole i nā kaʻina hana reversible a me reversible. ʻO nā kaʻina hana reversible (mediated electrochemical oxidation) e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻano redox i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana electrochemical. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nā kaʻina hana irreversible i nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā hopena electrochemical irreversible, e like me nā mea oxidizing ikaika e like me Cl2, chlorates, hypochlorites, H2O2, a me O3, e oxidize i nā hui organik. Hiki i nā kaʻina hana irreversible ke hana i nā intermediates oxidative kiʻekiʻe, me nā electrons solvated, ·HO radicals, ·HO2 radicals (hydroperoxyl radicals), a me ·O2- radicals (superoxide anions), hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻopau i nā mea haumia e like me cyanide, phenols, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), a me S2- ions, e hoʻololi hope iā lākou i nā mea ʻino ʻole.

I ke ʻano o ka oxidation anodic pololei, hiki i nā ʻāpana reactant haʻahaʻa ke kaupalena i ka hopena electrochemical surface ma muli o nā palena hoʻoili nuipa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia palena no nā kaʻina hana oxidation indirect. I ka wā o nā kaʻina hana oxidation pololei a me indirect, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hopena ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ke kinoea H2 a i ʻole O2, akā hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia kēia mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma o ke koho ʻana o nā mea electrode a me ka mana hiki.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomake ʻana o ka electrochemical he mea kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo me nā ʻano organik kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻano paʻakikī, ka nui o nā mea refractory, a me ke kala kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā anodes me ka hana electrochemical, hiki i kēia ʻenehana ke hoʻoulu pono i nā radical hydroxyl oxidative kiʻekiʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o nā mea haumia organik mau loa i nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, biodegradable a me kā lākou mineralization piha i nā hui e like me ke kalapona dioxide a i ʻole carbonates.